What is Event Provenance Service?
The Event Provenance Service (EPS) aims at documenting, publishing, storing, and querying provenance-related metadata about event life-cycle in the Glocal project. This includes which algorithm, component, or user creates, modifies, and deletes an event, how and why. This annotation of event provenance is based on the Provenance Vocabulary, a semantic provenance vocabulary which provides classes and properties to enable providers of Web data to publish provenance-related metadata about their data. In addition, EPS uses LODE, a well-known ontology for Linking Open Descriptions of Events.
EPS is being used within the context of the European project Glocal which main purpose is to deal with event-based retrieval of networked media.
Event life-cycle in the Glocal project
Vocabularies in Use
The following example illustrates the provenance information (in n3 notation) is generated when a new event is created through the Glocal platform.
An example of such statements is depicted below:
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix prv: <http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix sc: <http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#> .
@prefiz xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
<http://glocal.isoco.com/eps/provenance/d8c8381b95c8924efe610ebe74d91b9e>
a prv:DataItem, <http://www.w3.org/2004/03/trix/rdfg-1/Graph>;
foaf:primaryTopic
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563>;
prv:createdBy _:bnProv1 .
_:bnProv1
a prv:DataCreation;
prv:performedAt "2011-07-18T12:44:43"^^xsd:dateTime;
prv:performedBy "http://glocal.isoco.net/users/cruiz";
prv:usedData _:bnProv2 .
_:bnProv2
a prv:DataItem;
prv:createdBy _:bnProv3 .
_:bnProv3
a prv:DataCreation;
prv:performedAt "2011-07-18T12:44:36"^^xsd:dateTime;
prv:performedBy <http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/tools/eps>;
prv:usedGuideline> _:bnChanges .
_:bnChanges
a cs:ChangeSet;
cs:subjectOfChange
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563>
cs:addition _:bnStatement0, _:bnStatement1, _:bnStatement2, _:bnStatement3,
_:bnStatement4, _:bnStatement5, _:bnStatement6, _:bnStatement7,
_:bnStatement8, _:bnStatement9, _:bnStatement10, _:bnStatement11,
_:bnStatement12, _:bnStatement13, _:bnStatement14, _:bnStatement15,
_:bnStatement16, _:bnStatement17, _:bnStatement18, _:bnStatement19,
_:bnStatement20, _:bnStatement21.
_:bnStatement1
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object _:bnStatement0;
rdf:predicate <http://linkedevents.org/ontology/inSpace>;
rdf:subject
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563> .
_:bnStatement2
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object <http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Instant>;
rdf:predicate rdf:type;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement21 .
_:bnStatement3
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object ""^^xsd:dateTime;
rdf:predicate xsd:inXSDDateTime;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement21 .
_:bnStatement4
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object <http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Instant>;
rdf:predicate rdf:type;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement20 .
_:bnStatement5
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object ""^^xsd:dateTime;
rdf:predicate xsd:inXSDDateTime;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement20 .
_:bnStatement6
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object <http://www.w3.org/2006/time#TemporalEntity>;
rdf:predicate rdf:type;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement19 .
_:bnStatement7
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object _:bnStatement21 ;
rdf:predicate xsd:hasBeginning;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement19 .
_:bnStatement8
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object _:bnStatement20 ;
rdf:predicate xsd:hasEnd;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement19 .
_:bnStatement9
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object _:bnStatement19 ;
rdf:predicate <http://linkedevents.org/ontology/atTime>;
rdf:subject
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563> .
_:bnStatement10
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object "Brazil struggle to beat ... Cape Town on Monday";
rdf:predicate <http://purl.org/dc/terms/description>;
rdf:subject
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563> .
_:bnStatement11
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object <http://glocal-dkm.science.unitn.it/services/football_matches/2675>;
rdf:predicate <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs>;
rdf:subject
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563> .
_:bnStatement12
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object <http://www.glocal-project.eu/>;
rdf:predicate <http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher>;
rdf:subject
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563> .
_:bnStatement13
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object <http://linkedevents.org/ontology/Event>;
rdf:predicate rdf:type;
rdf:subject
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563> .
_:bnStatement14
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object "izqlrflkfhw";
rdf:predicate <http://purl.org/dc/terms/title>;
rdf:subject
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563> .
_:bnStatement15
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object <http://glocal-dkm.science.unitn.it/services/locations/207>;
rdf:predicate <http://linkedevents.org/ontology/atPlace>;
rdf:subject
<http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563> .
_:bnStatement16
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing>;
rdf:predicate rdf:type;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement0 .
_:bnStatement17
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object "-26.204941";
rdf:predicate <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#lat>;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement0
_:bnStatement18
a rdf:Statement;
rdf:object "28.04003";
rdf:predicate <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#long>;
rdf:subject _:bnStatement0 .
The model uses the Provenance Vocabulary to publish provenance-related metadata about the event being created, updated, or deleted, including the application through which each new piece of data is created. For this purpose, we have followed the guideline provided by the vocabulary's authors.
In order to describe internally events, we follow the Linking Open Descriptions of Events vocabulary -LODE-
EPS Infrastructure
The EPS implementation has been carried out by making use of several open source components that address different aspects of the solution. These components are:
- Sesame as the RDF repository that semantically stores the provenance data.
- Jersey for the RESTful service development.
- RDF2Go as the abstraction library over the RDF repository.
- SNORQL as a visual SPARQL explorer.
- Pubby as the Linked Data Frontend that exposes the stored information as Linked Data.
These components are depicted in the following infrastructure diagram:
The EPS API
The Event Provenance Service exposes the provenance information both as Linked Data and through a REST API, which also has methods for storing new provenance data. Additionally, the EPS data can be accessed directly through the SPARQL endpoint and in a SNORQL interface with examples. We describe here the various options.
1. EPS in a REST interface
The REST API of EPS permits retrieving provenance information about each event through different GET operations. It also permits storing updates of provenance information through different POST operations. Additionally, there is a query-based search operation to retrieve the information on a particular item.
1.1. Retrieve the provenance info for a given event
Method: GET
Url:
http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/provenance?eventURI=URI
Accept headers accepted:
- application/rdf+xml, application/rdf+n3, text/n3, application/x-turtle, text/turtle.
Parameters:
- {eventURI}: The identifier of the particular event.
Request example:
http://glocal.isoco.com/eps/provenance?event URI=http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563
The responses contain the following information:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://glocal.isoco.com/eps/provenance/d8c8381b95c8924efe610ebe74d91b9e"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#DataItem"/> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/03/trix/rdfg-1/Graph"/> <createdBy xmlns="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx28"/> <primaryTopic xmlns="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/" rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx28"> <performedAt xmlns="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2011-07-18T12:44:43</performedAt> <performedBy xmlns="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#" >http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/tools/eps</performedBy> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#DataCreation"/> <usedData xmlns="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx27"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx27"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#DataItem"/> <createdBy xmlns="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx1"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx1"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#DataCreation"/> <performedAt xmlns="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#" rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime">2011-07-18T12:44:36</performedAt> <performedBy xmlns="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#" rdf:resource="http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/tools/eps"/> <usedGuideline xmlns="http://purl.org/net/provenance/ns#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx2"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx2"> <subjectOfChange xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#ChangeSet"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx3"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx4"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx5"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx7"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx8"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx9"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx10"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx12"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx14"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx16"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx18"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx20"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx21"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx22"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx23"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx24"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx25"/> <addition xmlns="http://purl.org/vocab/changeset/schema#" rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx26"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx3"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type"/> <rdf:object rdf:resource="http://linkedevents.org/ontology/Event"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx4"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/terms/title"/> <rdf:object>izqlrflkfhw</rdf:object> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx5"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://linkedevents.org/ontology/atPlace"/> <rdf:object rdf:resource="http://glocal-dkm.science.unitn.it/services/locations/207"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx7"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx6"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type"/> <rdf:object rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx8"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx6"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#lat"/> <rdf:object>-26.204941</rdf:object> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx9"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx6"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#long"/> <rdf:object>28.04003</rdf:object> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx10"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://linkedevents.org/ontology/inSpace"/> <rdf:object rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx6"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx12"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx11"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type"/> <rdf:object rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Instant"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx14"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx13"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#inXSDDateTime"/> <rdf:object rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"></rdf:object> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx16"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx15"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type"/> <rdf:object rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#Instant"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx18"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx17"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#inXSDDateTime"/> <rdf:object rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"></rdf:object> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx20"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx19"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type"/> <rdf:object rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#TemporalEntity"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx21"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx19"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasBeginning"/> <rdf:object rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx11"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx22"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx19"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2006/time#hasEnd"/> <rdf:object rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx15"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx23"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://linkedevents.org/ontology/atTime"/> <rdf:object rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx19"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx24"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/terms/description"/> <rdf:object>...</rdf:object> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx25"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#sameAs"/> <rdf:object rdf:resource="http://glocal-dkm.science.unitn.it/services/football_matches/2675"/> </rdf:Description> <rdf:Description rdf:nodeID="node164udhu8lx26"> <rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#Statement"/> <rdf:subject rdf:resource="http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563"/> <rdf:predicate rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/terms/publisher"/> <rdf:object rdf:resource="http://www.glocal-project.eu/"/> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
1.2. Create provenance information for an event creation
Method: POST
Url:
http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/provenance
Content-type accepted:
- application/rdf+xml.
POST body parameters:
- {new_event}: The XML description of the new event.
The responses contain the following information:
200 OK http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563
1.3. Update provenance information for an event update
Method: PUT
Url:
http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/provenance
PUT Body Parameters:
- {updated_event}: The XML description of the updated event.
The responses contain the following information:
200 OK
1.4. Data provenanece information for a event deletion
Method: DELETE
Url:
http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/provenance
Parameters:
- {deleted_event}: The XML description of the deleted event.
Request example:
http://glocal.isoco.com/eps/provenance?event URI=http://glocal-project.eu/entities/events/68e7393f-d190-4410-bf5a-bcd3e5a95563
The response containS the following information:
200 OK
3. EPS through a SPARQL endpoint
Additionally, it is possible to query the RDF repository via its SPARQL endpoint, located at:
http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/sparql
4. EPS by SNORQL
Finally, a Web interface for performing queries over the repository has been enabled at:
http://glocal.isoco.net/eps/snorql
Acknowledgements
The work on EPS has been funded by the EU project Glocal.
This webpage template is more than inspired by the material provided by Guillermo Álvaro from the LUF service website.
Funded by:
Development:
Contact:
Carlos Ruiz Moreno
cruiz at isoco.com
Disclaimer:
The EPS service is in development and things might be unstable and with changes at some stage.
Latest EPS:
The latest event provenance metadata in the EPS service.
Latest events created:
A new event b81c1053-ba6d-4abe-9cc4-391a0d7a6110 was created by eps on 2011-07-28.
A new event b81c1053-ba6d-4abe-9cc4-391a0d7a6110 was created by eps on 2011-07-28.
A new event b81c1053-ba6d-4abe-9cc4-391a0d7a6110 was created by eps on 2011-07-28.
A new event b81c1053-ba6d-4abe-9cc4-391a0d7a6110 was created by eps on 2011-07-28.
A new event b81c1053-ba6d-4abe-9cc4-391a0d7a6110 was created by eps on 2011-07-28.
Latest events updated:
Latest events deleted: